 18  43 Если приглядеться внимательнее к этим случаям употребления глаголов to be и to have и принять в расчет их активное бытование в английском языке, то нельзя не увидеть здесь проявления системных особенностей английского языка. Действительно, англичанин вполне может сказать to rest, но он все же предпочитает сложную форму — to have a rest. Суть состоит в том, что во всяком глаголе, выражающем конкретное действие и отражающем определенную качественную сторону действия или состояния, уже заложена количественная сторона, самый факт данного действия. Аналитическая тенденция английского языка порождает стремление к раздельному формальному выражению общей и конкретной, количественной и качественной стороны таких действий. И тогда, естественно, на место конкретного глагола приходит составное сказуемое с глаголом to have и именным выражением качества (прилагательное, причастие, существительное). В английском языке образовался ряд устойчивых сочетаний с глаголом to have, которые передаются на русский язык, как правило, глаголами действия. Например: She has a perfect command of English. Она прекрасно владеет английским языком. I wish you to have a good time. Желаю вам хорошо провести время (повеселиться). В заключение отметим, что, подобно тому, как глагол to be в сочетании с прилагательным, причастием или существительным выступает в значении соответствующего глагола, так и глагол to have в сочетании с существительным часто употребляется вместо простого глагольного сказуемого, выраженного глаголом действия. Например: But if they were under the impression that they would get any information out of him he had a notion that they were mistaken. Но если им казалось, что им удастся выудить из него какие-то сведения, то он считал, что они ошибаются. Не had a longing to smoke. Ему страшно хотелось курить. Следует, однако, указать, что такого рода сочетания с глаголом to have более редки, чем с глаголом to be. 44 УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. А. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола to have. 1. I have no pencil. 2. You have no other way out. 3. His face had that small subtle smile that was characteristic of him. There were two saucers only. And all the rest to match: seven large brown teapots, of which five had broken spouts. I won't have you all starve, simply because I've thrown myself at your head. 6. He came to her swiftly, and in a moment had her in his arms. 7. Oh, to have this happen when he was right at the point of a declaration. 8. Jack whipped his coat off and went to the shed for wood and coal, and soon had a lavish fire in the open hearth. 9. Have some more cake! 10. I won't have you do this sort of thing. 11. I cannot have my clients disturbed in the middle of the night. 12. They had a gin and a tonic, Ashe doing most of the talking. 13. I'd be more likely to remember that I'm working for doctor Page if I had my month's salary. 14. "Her name," the woman went on, "is Anita. I was sick when I had her," she explained as if to excuse her child's delicacy. 15. Many households have two, or even three, newspapers every day. 16. Women's clothes today have plenty of colour. 17. Isabel, when she awoke, sometimes told Antoinette to take her coffee into her mother's room so that she could talk to her while she had it. 18. "I've had a letter from Sarah," he said. 19. I wrote her as though I were still that boy, told her of the gun I'd got for Christmas, how the dog had had pups and what we'd named them. 20. He had me around the waist. 21. Then the dance began. The second-class passengers stood about shyly round the part of the deck reserved for dancing and occasionally danced with one another. "I'm glad we had them," said the consul dancing with Mrs Hamlyn. "I'm for democracy, and I think they're very sensible to keep themselves to themsel ves." 22. I can work, can't I? I can get a job at Payne and Perkins. They'll be glad to have me. 23. The cad had had his warning. Now let him take what was coming to him. 24. I had him here just now asking for details. 25. "What will you have?" "Oh, I don't want anything. I had a cocktail and a tremendous lunch." 26. "Where is he — your son?" "Up in his father's studio, I think." "Perhaps you'd have him down." 27. I had your father here yesterday afternoon, who made further valuable suggestions. 28. Soames knows the house well — he'll tell you it's too dear — his opinion's 45 worth having. 29. What if his master were asleep; he would soon have him out of that; there was the night to sleep in! 30. He suddenly had her by the shoulders. Б. Переведите на английский язык. 18 |
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