 98  You must call me Sir (I like it that way). Obligations expressed by must refer to the present or future but in reported speech they may refer to the past. James said we must invite the Stewarts to dinner. Future obligations can be made more precise with the future indefinite of the verb have to. I'll have to read it again. We shall have to give you a new copy of the book. Since the negative form of must denotes a negative obligation or sometimes a prohibition, it cannot express absence of necessity expressed by needn't. — Must I go? — No, you needn ’t, if you don’t want to. Must is used interchangeably with to be to for instructions, notices or orders. Passangers must cross the lines by the footbridge (the railway company instructs them to). Applications for admission to the Students’ Room of the Department of Manuscripts must be accompanied by a letter of recommendation. This card must be surrendered with your room key. All rooms must be vacated by I I a.m. and the keys handed to the porter on the day of departure. Guests must be out of the building by midnight. In all the above cases must is preferable, as be to is comparatively rare. 98 |
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