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to be иногда используется to get.
В PRESENT/PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES структура PASSIVE VOICE употребляется редко ( слишком много to be ). Ex: The butler was murdered. The stolen car has been found. Mohammad Aly had never been beaten before he met Joe Freser. The question has been discussed at the conference.
Если мы все же хотим ввести предмет, совершающий действие ( actor ) или метод действия, то это можно сделать предлогом by :
John was praised by the teacher. Peter got punished by his father. The books are being distributed by one of the students. This fact was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy.
Oрудие, с помошью которого действие совершается ( instrument ) , вводится предлогом with : The gangster was killed by the policeman with a revolver. Сравните: He was killed by a heavy stone. (Он был убит свалившимся на него камнем - несчастный случай. Камень - убийца.) He was killed with a heavy stone. (Убийство. Камень - орудие.)
В группе SIMPLE PASSIVE VOICE может обозначать как действие, так и состояние в результате совершенного действия. Сравните:
The door is closed. ( Дверь закрыта ) This door is closed at five p.m. every day. 33
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