 109  Не пишите что попало, руководствуясь кальками с русского, формальными аналогиями, ссылками на память и т. п. Сверяйтесь со справочниками, словарём и образцом! Пользуйтесь рекомендациями С. Гоулда Вот некоторые из них. One objection, among many, to translating abstract nouns by abstract nouns is that in an uninflected language like English the result is usually an unpleasant pile-up of prepositional phrases. One of the numerous effects of the absence, in Russian, of a definite article is the superfluity, to English ears, of participles of all kinds, active and passive, present and past, preceding and following the noun. Very often the sole purpose of the Russian participle is to refer unambiguously to some preceding word, a task ideally performed by the English word “the”.... If the participle is an honest one, even by the standards of a language with a definite article, it will usually come after the noun in English.... Consequently it is wise, and at times almost mandatory, to omit certain Russian participles in translation. The moral for the modern translator is to use “the” for the Russian этот in those places where the only purpose of этот is to refer unemphatically to some preceding word.... Phrases like “the elements of the set S” or “the points of the space W’ are very common, but if the set, or space, group, field, etc. has been mentioned just before, it is more natural in English to say “the elements of S,” “the points of W” etc. The Russian phrase тот или иной does not mean “this or another” but rather “one or another,” “some or other,” and can usually be translated by various. (Обратите внимание, что П. Халмош и C. Гоулд придерживаются несколько разных взглядов на пунктуацию. Именно, С. Гоулд всегда ставит запятую перед закрываемыми кавычками, а П. Халмош не всегда. Обе названные стратегии узуальны.) ...the word “its” is tricky. Thus “its singular point” necessarily implies in English that the function has only one such point.... (Поясним, что its означает “the one (ones) belonging to it.” Стало быть, its singular point = the singular point of it. Разумеется, это не отменяет правила “ every can co-occur with possessives” (R. Quirk et al.) и, скажем, как уже отмечалось, its every subalgebra = each of its subalgebras.) 109 |
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