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To separate three or more items To separate adjectives With names With dates With city and state With degrees and titles To set off interrupting expressions With weak and strong clauses After phrases With nonessential descriptions With conjunctions To avoid confusion Comma splice Run-on sentence To introduce quoted material To separate statements from questions To separate contrasting parts of a sentence With introductory words such as well and yes With interrupters such as however and therefore With introductory words such as namely, that is, for example, e.g., and i.e. when they are followed by a series of items Semicolons 57 To join two sentences without a conjunction With introductory words such as namely, that is, for example, e.g., and i.e.when they introduce a complete sentence To avoid confusion where commas already exist With sentences that have multiple clauses Colons To attach lists to sentences Spacing With tabular formatting With long quotations After the salutation in a business letter Question Marks 60 Exclamation Points 61 Quotation Marks 61 Placement with periods, commas, question marks, and semicolons Use of single quotation marks Use of sic 5
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