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Rule 1. Use concrete rather than vague language. Examples: Vague: The weather was of an extreme nature on the west coast. Concrete: California had very cold weather last week. Rule 2. Use active voice whenever possible. Active voice means the subject is performing the verb. Examples: Active: Barry hit the ball. Passive: The ball was hit. Notice that the responsible party may not even appear when using passive voice. Rule 3. Avoid overusing there is, there are, it is, it was, and so on. Example: There is a case of meningitis that was reported in the newspaper. Correction: A case of meningitis was reported in the newspaper. Even Better: The newspaper reported a case of meningitis. (Active voice) Example: It is important to signal before making a left turn. Correction: Signaling before making a left turn is important. OR Signaling before a left turn is important. OR You should signal before making a left turn. (Active voice) Example: There are some revisions which must be made. Correction: Some revisions must be made. 37
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